Therapeutic human proteins have revolutionised medicine by providing targeted, effective treatments for many diseases : 

These proteins, produced through recombinant DNA technology, mimic or replace naturally occurring human proteins that are missing or malfunctioning in patients. One of the earliest and most impactful examples is recombinant human insulin, used by millions of people with diabetes. Similarly, erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates red blood cell production in patients with anemia, and clotting factors are used to treat hemophilia. In oncology and immunology, monoclonal antibodiesengineered proteins that bind specifically to disease targetshave revolutionized treatments for cancers, autoimmune diseases, and chronic inflammation. The use of therapeutic proteins also extends to enzyme replacement therapies for rare genetic disorders and cytokines to regulate immune responses. Unlike traditional chemical drugs, therapeutic proteins often offer greater specificity and reduced side effects, as they are designed to closely mimic natural biological molecules. Advances in biotechnology, such as improved expression systems, purification techniques, and delivery methods, continue to expand the potential of protein-based therapies. As research progresses, therapeutic human proteins are not only treating symptoms but also addressing the root causes of disease marking a new era of precision and personalized healthcare.